Storage device with adaptive voltage generation system

ABSTRACT

Apparatus for generating supply voltages in a data storage device. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a data transducer adjacent a rotatable magnetic recording medium, the data transducer having a write coil and an electromagnetic source for thermally assisted recording by the write coil. A preamplifier/driver circuit (preamp) has a write driver adapted to supply write currents to the write coil and a source driver adapted to supply source voltage to the electromagnetic source. A voltage regulation circuit applies a first positive supply voltage to the write driver and a different, second positive supply voltage to the source driver.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed todata storage devices, and more particularly to the adaptive generationof voltages for components of such devices.

In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a data transducer adjacent arotatable magnetic recording medium, the data transducer having a writecoil and an electromagnetic source for thermally assisted recording bythe write coil. A preamplifier/driver circuit (preamp) has a writedriver adapted to supply write currents to the write coil and a sourcedriver adapted to supply source voltage to the electromagnetic source. Avoltage regulation circuit applies a first positive supply voltage tothe write driver and a different, second positive supply voltage to thesource driver.

In other embodiments, a data storage device includes a head-discassembly (HDA) having an environmentally controlled enclosure in whichis disposed a rotatable magnetic data recording medium, a datatransducer adjacent the medium, a voice coil motor (VCM) for moving thedata transducer with respect to the medium, a spindle motor for rotatingthe medium, and a preamp for supplying and receiving signals with thetransducer. The data transducer has a write coil and an electromagneticsource for thermally assisted recording by the write coil. The preamphas a write driver adapted to supply write currents to the write coiland a source driver adapted to supply source voltage to theelectromagnetic source. A printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) isaffixed to the HDA and has a controller and a voltage regulationcircuit. The controller controls a transfer of data between the mediumand a host device. The voltage regulation circuit supplies a firstpositive rail voltage to the write driver and a second positive railvoltage, less than the first positive supply voltage, to the sourcedriver.

In still further embodiments, a data storage device has a datatransducer adjacent a rotatable magnetic recording medium. The datatransducer has a write coil and a laser diode for thermally assistedrecording by the write coil. A preamp has a write driver adapted tosupply write currents to the write coil and a laser driver adapted tosupply source voltage to the laser diode. A voltage regulation circuitsupplies a first positive rail voltage to the write driver and a secondpositive rail voltage, less than the first positive supply voltage, tothe laser driver.

These and other features that may characterize various embodiments canbe understood in view of the following detailed discussion and theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 provides a functional block representation of a data storagedevice arranged to communicate with a host device in accordance withvarious embodiments.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram representation of the data storage deviceof FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 shows another block diagram representation of the data storagedevice of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction of voltage regulation in the datastorage device of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary preamplifier circuitry in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIG. 6 shows power utilization in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some data storage devices use a preamplifier/driver circuit (preamp) toprovide various signals to one or more read/write transducers (recordingheads) supported adjacent rotatable magnetic recording media. Dependingon the construction of the transducer, a preamp may include write drivercircuitry for a writer coil, a read amplifier to recover readbacksignals from a read sensor, fly height sensor circuitry to sense thespacing between the transducer and the medium, laser diode drivercircuitry for a laser diode or other electromagnetic radiation sourceused to support thermally assisted magnetic recording, and a photoamplifier for sensing the laser diode output power. Other circuits maybe incorporated into a preamp as well, such as multiplexer (mux)circuitry to enable selection among multiple transducers connected inparallel to the preamp, heater driver circuitry to drive one or moreheaters or other fly height adjustment mechanisms of the transducer,etc.

Preamps are usually supplied with a set of standard positive andnegative input supply voltages, such as nominally +5V and −3V. Thepositive voltage may be supplied from a host device (e.g., from thepower supply of a host computer, a server, a disk array, etc.), in whichcase the positive voltage is passed on through to the preamp after theapplication of signal conditioning. The data storage device usually doesnot receive a negative voltage from the host device, so any requirednegative voltages may be generated “on board” by the data storagedevice. A DC-DC converter can be used to generate the negative voltage,e.g., −3V or some other value.

While operable, a limitation associated with providing fixed inputsupply voltages to a preamp relates to the actual power requirements ofthe operative elements in the transducer(s) connected to the preamp. Forexample, a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) laser diode may havea forward voltage drop of only nominally +2V. The laser diode driver inthe preamp may supply slightly more than this amount, such as nominally+2.1V, in order to forward-bias the laser diode and generate the desiredoutput current through the diode. The preamp may use linear regulationfrom the +5V input supply voltage, meaning that the remaining voltagedrop of nominally +2.9V may be dissipated within the body of the preampas heat. Similar line regulation losses can be encountered for othertypes of operative elements within the transducer, such as heaters,photodiodes, thermistors, etc.

As will be appreciated, dissipating significant amounts of heat canundesirably raise the temperature of the preamp and other adjacentcomponents within the device enclosure. Operating at elevatedtemperatures can reduce the operational life of the components and alterparametric performance of the device.

Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure are generallydirected to an apparatus for adaptively generating and distributingvoltages within a data storage device. As explained below, someembodiments are directed to a data storage device having a datatransducer adjacent a rotatable magnetic recording medium. The datatransducer at least includes a write coil and an electromagnetic sourcefor thermally assisted recording with the write coil. Apreamplifier/driver circuit (preamp) has a write driver adapted tosupply write currents to the write coil and a source driver adapted tosupply source voltage to the electromagnetic source. A power supplycircuit supplies a first positive voltage to the write driver and asecond positive voltage, less than the first positive supply voltage, tothe source driver.

In some cases, the first positive voltage may be nominally +5V and thesecond voltage may be nominally +2.5V, although other voltage levels canbe used. The first positive voltage can be supplied by a host devicecoupled to the storage device, and the second voltage can be generatedexternally, away from the preamp, for instance at the storage device'sPCBA (printed circuit board assembly) or elsewhere on the preamp'sflexible circuit board. The second positive voltage can be programmablyadjusted as desired. The regulators for the second positive voltage canbe switching voltage regulators, thereby reducing energy consumption(compared to linear regulation). In further embodiments, one or moreprogrammably adjustable negative voltages can additionally be generatedand supplied to the preamp.

These and other features of various embodiments can be understoodbeginning with a review of FIG. 1, which provides a simplified blockdiagram of a data handling system featuring a data storage device 100coupled to a host device (host) 102. The respective storage device 100and the host 102 can take any suitable forms. In some embodiments, thehost 102 is a network accessible computing device, such as a desktopcomputer, a server, a drive array, a portable electronic device, a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet, a video recorder, a gaming system, etc. Thestorage device 100 may be incorporated into the host 102, or may beconnected to the host locally or via a network to provide data storagecapabilities for the host 102.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary construction for the data storage device100 of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments. The data storagedevice 100 is characterized as a hard disc drive (HDD) formed from ahead-disc assembly (HDA) 110 and a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA)112. The HDA 110 generally comprises a sealed enclosure which housesvarious elements such as a transducer 114, a rotatable data recordingmedium (disc) 116, preamplifier/driver (preamp) 118, a voice coil motor(VCM) 120 and a spindle motor 122. Other elements can be used asdesired. While only a single transducer 114 and medium 116 are shown, itwill be appreciated that multiple transducers and media can beincorporated into the HDA 110.

The PCBA 112 supports various electrical control circuitry for the HDA110, including a controller application specific integrated circuit(ASIC) 124, a motor/power controller ASIC 126 and a voltage regulationcircuit 130. Other circuitry elements can be provided as required butsuch have been omitted for clarity of illustration.

The controller ASIC 124 can use a serial interface for preamp registerprogramming. The programming allows the controller ASIC 123 to configurethe preamp 118 as desired. The controller ASIC 110 also provides awrite-enable signal (WREN) and interconnections for written data (writedata) and read data. The motor/power controller ASIC 126 monitorsvoltage, generates resets, and provides drive currents to the respectiveVCM 120 and spindle motor 122.

Of particular interest is the voltage regulation circuit 130, whichsupplies respective power supply voltages Vcc, Vaa and Vee to the preamp118. It will be appreciated that the voltage regulation circuit 130supplies at least some of these voltages to other elements in FIG. 2 aswell. While not limiting, in some embodiments the Vcc voltage is afixed, first positive voltage such as nominally +5V, the Vaa voltage isa second programmably adaptive positive voltage such as in the range offrom nominally +2V to +4V, and the Vee voltage is a negative voltagesuch as nominally −3V. Other values and ranges can be used.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary construction of the data storage device 100focusing on the interaction between the transducer 114 and the preamp118. Intervening mux circuitry (not shown) can be used to provideselection logic to access other transducers in the device 100.

The transducer 114 includes an electromagnetic source 132, a write coil134, a read sensor 136, a photo detector 138 and a fly height sensor140. The electromagnetic source 132 generates electromagnetic energy ina thermally assisted magnetic recording system, such as a heat-assistedmagnetic recording (HAMR) system, in which a localized spot on themedium 116 (FIG. 2) is heated to assist in writing data to the magneticrecording medium. The heat applied by the electromagnetic source 132changes the magnetic properties, e.g., magnetic coercivity, of themedium to make writing data to the medium easier. For purposes of thepresent discussion, the electromagnetic source 132 will be contemplatedas comprising a laser diode, although other forms can be used includinga microwave source for microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR).

The write coil 134 is adapted to magnetize the magnetic recording mediafor writing data to the media, and may take the form of a perpendicularmagnetic recording element. The read sensor 136 is adapted forrecovering recorded data from the magnetic recording medium and may takea magneto-resistive (MR) construction. The photo detector 138 is adaptedfor sensing output power of the electromagnetic source 132, and the flyheight sensor 140 is adapted for sensing a clearance distance (flyheight) between the transducer 114 and the magnetic recording medium116.

The preamp 118 includes a source driver circuit 142 for driving theelectromagnetic source 132, a differential trans-conductance writerdriver circuit 144 for driving the writer coil 134 with a programmablecurrent level, a read amplifier 146 for processing readback signals fromthe read sensor 136, a photo amplifier (amp) 148 for processingdetection signals from the photo detector 138, and a thermal asperity(TA)/contact detection circuit 150 for processing fly height signalsfrom sensor 140. Other configurations are envisioned, includingconfigurations that omit one or more of these elements, configurationsthat use multiple ones of these elements (e.g., a multi-read sensortransducer, etc.), configurations that include additional elements suchas heaters or other fly height adjustment mechanisms, microactuators,etc. Suitable electrical supply power is applied to the various preampcomponents and transducer components as discussed below.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary construction of relevant aspects of thevoltage regulation circuit 130 of FIG. 2 in conjunction with the preamp118 and controller ASIC 124. The preamp 118 receives the positive supplyvoltage Vcc and the negative supply voltage Vee for operation of itsinternal circuitry. It is common for the positive Vcc voltage to beprovided, with appropriate regulation, from the +5V input provided fromthe host 102 (FIG. 1). Because the data storage device 100 typicallyonly receives positive voltage from the host 102 (e.g., +5V, +12V), thenegative Vee voltage is generated using the voltage regulation circuit130, such as through a DC-DC converter 152 which converts the inputregulated +5V to the output −3V as shown.

The second positive supply voltage Vaa is supplied by a programmableDC-DC converter 154, which uses the input regulated +5V to output anappropriate voltage over a suitable range such as nominally +2V to +4V.The voltage of the second positive supply voltage Vaa is selected inresponse to a control input from the controller ASIC 124, for instanceover an I2C communication bus. The controller ASIC 124 further suppliesa number of control inputs to the preamp 118, such as a write enable(WREN) signal, a write current DAC (digital to analog converter) value,a laser current DAC value, etc.

The DC-DC converters 152, 154 may take any suitable form such asswitching regulators or linear regulators. In further embodiments,programmable negative DC-DC converters are incorporated into the voltageregulation circuit 130 to output additional negative source voltages,including programmable negative source voltages.

FIG. 5 shows aspects of the preamp 118 and transducer 114 in accordancewith some embodiments. The write driver 144 from FIG. 3 receives amodulated data input signal (data). The write current DAC value,expressed in digital form, is converted using suitable DAC circuitry(see block 156) to an analog input value which establishes thepeak-to-peak magnitude of the output write current supplied to the writecoil 134.

The Vcc and Vee voltages from FIG. 4 serve as rail voltages for thewrite driver 144. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat rail voltages serve to establish uppermost and lowermost voltageoutput levels for the output signal from the write driver. The actualmagnitude of the output level will be established by the input DACvalue; a maximum DAC value will generally correspond to the output levelapproaching or nominally equaling the magnitudes of the rail voltages.

As further shown in FIG. 5, the electromagnetic source (laser) driver142 from FIG. 3 receives the write gate enable (WREN) signal as aninput, with a current level established by the laser current DAC value(see block 158) and rail voltages Vaa and Ground. The laser driver 142outputs current that forward biases the EM source, characterized as alaser diode 132 in FIG. 5.

The lower positive rail voltage Vaa can be used by the laser driver 142instead of the higher positive rail voltage Vcc since only a relativelylow forward voltage, such as about +2V, is required to place the laserdiode 132 in a conductive state. Since waste heat to drop from Vcc toVaa is carried out externally on the PCBA 112 (FIG. 2) by way of thevoltage regulation circuit 130, the total amount of voltage reductionand corresponding waste heat generation by the laser driver 142 arereduced significantly.

The Vaa source voltage is routed to the preamp 118 either as a separatevoltage rail (as shown) or in place of the Vcc voltage. The Vaa voltagemay be used in place of the Vcc voltage for powering circuitry withinthe preamp 118 or elsewhere in the storage device 100. The Vaa voltagemagnitude may be programmably selected to different levels for differentheads, temperatures or other operating conditions.

FIG. 6 shows various voltages in the preamp 118 in accordance with someembodiments to illustrate that improvements in operation can be realizedby adjusting both positive and negative rail voltages. A time-varying,bi-directional output signal is represented by curve 160. This signalcan be any suitable signal output by the preamp 118, such as but notlimited to a write driver signal input to the write coil 134.Alternately, in a similar manner, a time-varying, single-ended signal(i.e. one between Vsigmax and ground) can also benefit by the lowerpositive supply voltage.

Vsigmax represents the maximum positive range of the output signal, andVnegmax represents the maximum negative range of the output signal. Ausable signal range exists between the Vsigmax and the Vnegmax levels.For proper linear operation of the preamp driver circuitry, (see FIG. 5)a positive headroom gap is required between Vaa (also known herein asVposmin or positive minimum voltage) and Vsigmax. Similarly, a negativeheadroom gap is required between Vee and Vnegmax. The additional voltagemargins between Vposmin and Vcc and between Vnegmax and Vee can beviewed as unnecessary leading to potentially unwanted and undesirableheat and wasted energy.

From the foregoing discussion, supplying multiple different positivevoltages to the preamp can promote enhanced efficiencies. A preamplifierdesign may still require higher voltage for drivers for certain otherhead components, such as read driver, write driver, etc. so any numberof fixed and programmable positive and negative source voltages can besupplied as required. The approach disclosed may reduce a significantamount of heat and wasted energy in the preamp, and improve associatedreliability and operative concerns in the preamplifier by decreasingtemperature in the preamplifier.

The new, second positive voltage disclosed may be a rail voltage for thesource driver or may be used in some other fashion by the preampcircuitry. The source driver can be commanded to output different powerlevels for different recording environments, such as different heads,locations, temperature, etc. This control can be done in a variety ofways, including through pulse width modulation or through reduced outputlower than the rail voltage.

It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics andadvantages of various embodiments of the present disclosure have beenset forth in the foregoing description, together with details of thestructure and function of various embodiments, this detailed descriptionis illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially inmatters of structure and arrangements of parts within the principles ofthe present disclosure to the full extent indicated by the broad generalmeaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a data transduceradjacent a rotatable magnetic recording medium, the data transducercomprising a write coil and an electromagnetic source for thermallyassisted recording by the write coil; a preamp comprising a write driveradapted to supply write currents to the write coil and a source driveradapted to supply source voltage to the electromagnetic source; and avoltage regulation circuit adapted to apply a first positive supplyvoltage to the write driver and a different, second positive supplyvoltage to the source driver.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theelectromagnetic source is a laser diode and the source driver is a lasercurrent source.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the voltageregulation circuit further applies a negative supply voltage to thepreamp.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first positive supplyvoltage is a positive rail voltage for the write driver and the secondpositive supply voltage is a positive rail voltage for the sourcedriver, the first positive supply voltage being greater than the secondpositive supply voltage.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondpositive voltage is generated by a programmable DC-DC converter of thevoltage regulation circuit that outputs the second positive supplyvoltage with a magnitude within a predetermined range less than thefirst positive supply voltage.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein theDC-DC converter is a switching regulator.
 7. The apparatus of claim 5,wherein the DC-DC converter is a linear regulator.
 8. The apparatus ofclaim 5, wherein the second positive supply voltage is programmablyadjusted responsive to a control input from a controller to a selectedlevel responsive to a parametric measurement associated with thetransducer.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second supplyvoltage is programmably adjusted responsive to operational conditions.10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data transducer furthercomprises a read sensor for recovering data previously written to therotatable magnetic recording medium, the preamp further comprises a readamplifier adapted to condition readback signals from the read sensor,and the voltage regulation circuit supplies the second positive supplyvoltage as a positive rail voltage to the read amplifier.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the data transducer further comprises aproximity sensor for detecting space between the data transducer and therotatable magnetic recording medium, the preamp further comprises aproximity sensor amplifier adapted to condition proximity sensor signalsfrom the proximity sensor, and the voltage regulation circuit suppliesthe second positive supply voltage as a positive rail voltage to theproximity sensor driver.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the firstpositive supply voltage is nominally +5V, and the second positive supplyvoltage is nominally +2.5V.
 13. A data storage device comprising: ahead-disc assembly (HDA) having an environmentally controlled enclosurein which is disposed a rotatable magnetic data recording medium, a datatransducer adjacent the medium, a voice coil motor (VCM) for moving thedata transducer with respect to the medium, a spindle motor for rotatingthe medium, and a preamp for supplying signals to the transducer, thedata transducer comprising a write coil and an electromagnetic sourcefor thermally assisted recording by the write coil, the preampcomprising a write driver adapted to supply write currents to the writecoil and a source driver adapted to supply source voltage to theelectromagnetic source; and a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA)affixed to the HDA comprising a controller to control a transfer of databetween the medium and a host device, and a voltage regulation circuitwhich supplies a first positive rail voltage to the write driver and asecond positive rail voltage, less than the first positive rail voltage,to the source driver.
 14. The data storage device of claim 13, whereinthe magnitude of the second positive rail voltage is programmablyselected from within a predetermined range responsive to a controlselection input from the controller.
 15. The data storage device ofclaim 13, wherein the voltage regulation circuit further supplies anegative rail voltage to each of the write driver and the source driver.16. The data storage device of claim 13, wherein the voltage regulationcircuit supplies a first negative rail voltage to the write driver and asecond, different negative rail voltage to the source driver.
 17. Thedata storage device of claim 13, wherein the second positive railvoltage is programmably adjusted by the controller responsive toenvironmental conditions.
 18. The data storage device of claim 13,wherein the second positive rail voltage is programmably adjusted by thecontroller responsive to operational conditions.
 19. A data storagedevice comprising: a data transducer adjacent a rotatable magneticrecording medium, the data transducer comprising a write coil and alaser diode for thermally assisted recording by the write coil; a preampcomprising a write driver adapted to supply write currents to the writecoil and a laser driver adapted to supply source voltage to the laserdiode; and a voltage regulation circuit which supplies a first positiverail voltage to the write driver and a second positive rail voltage,less than the first positive rail voltage, to the laser driver.
 20. Thedata storage device of claim 19, wherein the voltage regulation circuitfurther supplies a negative rail voltage to both the write driver andthe laser driver.